The Little FREE help I will offer. Basicly. Remove the Chip from the side of the Drum Make up some sort of connection rig to the 25 pin Printer port of the PC. If you are fancy then you could just make a cable to connect to the chip while still attached to the drum. Install and Run the software (do not just copy the latest exe.) Now connect the port to the Chip or Holder Press READ a few times, READING ?? No ? check things ! If still NO then put a small cap (any 10v or higher) on the Power pins. 5 and 8 on the chip (8 is POSITIVE) or 18 and 4 on the port (4 is POSITIVE). YES, cool. If you want, copy and paste the original contents to a new file Now Press ENABLE Now Press WRITE Chip is automaticly read back to visually verify contents. The default data is the same as the sample chip supplied. This was a Brand new ORIGINAL C4195A Drum with zero page count. Alternativly: You can drag and drop valid chip files to the screen and it will WRITE and READ. Here's How.... If you want to write different data to a chip then do the following. Read any chip and see the data in the screen, Right click, select all, right click, copy Open a New txt file and paste the contents. Once you have made a file, you can simply edit it. If you are wise you may be able to see the format and adapt it to write just a single byte at a desired location I am not going to explain it, as writing the complete chip only takes 1.2 seconds, it took longer to just tell you that.!! BUT Keep the format the same unless you know what you are doing. If you mess it up then just start again. To write it to the chip just drag and drop the FILE (not the text) back onto the data window. If it is a valid chip file then it will blast it into the chip and read it back. I would suggest that when you purchase a NEW drum, you take a read of the original chip to use on following refresh writes. >>> Best to Run the software first before conecting chip. <<< If you need the software to do something else then just ask..